Discover the complexities surrounding the Goods and Services Tax (GST)https://www.efiletax.in/ and its impact on the restaurant industry in India. Learn about the definition of restaurant services, eligibility for the 5 percent GST rate, and the taxation of pre-cooked food items. Gain insights into the ongoing challenges faced by the sector and the need for clarifications.

  • India’s food service market is projected to grow at an impressive CAGR of 11.19 percent, reaching USD 79.65 billion by 2028.
  • The impact of tax costs significantly influences investments and the growth of businesses in the restaurant industry.
  • Multiple amendments to the GST rate entry have led to challenges and complications for the hospitality sector.
  • The reduction of the GST rate from 18 percent to 5 percent has resulted in interpretational issues and limitations for certain types of restaurants.
  • Hardcastle Restaurants Private Limited and Inox Leisure Limited have filed writ petitions challenging the restrictions on availing Input Tax Credit (ITC) by non-specified premise restaurants.
  • This article aims to provide answers to common GST-related questions faced by the restaurant industry in India.

What qualifies as restaurant services?

  • Definition of restaurant services according to Entry 6(b) of Schedule II of the CGST Act, 2017.
  • The treatment of food and beverage supply as a composite supply of services.
  • Inclusion of supply “by way of service,” “as part of service,” or “in any other manner whatsoever.”
  • The definition of “restaurant service” as provided by the Central Board of Indirect Taxes & Customs (CBIC).

Who qualifies to avail the 5 percent GST rate?

  • Clarification by the CBIC regarding services related to cooking and supply of food qualifying as restaurant services.
  • Inclusion of various entities such as restaurants, cloud kitchens, food courts in malls, snack bars in multiplexes, and roadside food stalls.
  • Relevant court rulings and interpretations supporting the eligibility of different establishments.

Does the mere supply of pre-cooked food qualify as restaurant service?

  • The essential criterion of food preparation by cooking in a restaurant.
  • The distinction between preparing meals and serving pre-cooked food.
  • CBIC clarification regarding ice-cream parlours and their classification as goods supply rather than restaurant services.

Taxation of food/pre-cooked edible items by a qualifying restaurant

  • Applicability of the 5 percent GST rate to all supplies made by a qualifying restaurant.
  • Examples of supplies, including cold drinks and ice cream, falling under the lower GST rate.
  • Court rulings supporting the applicability of the lower rate for such supplies.

The debate on the nature of supply

  • Proposal from the fitment committee in the 31st GST Council Meeting regarding the determination of supply as goods or services.
  • Lack of formal clarification on the matter in the meeting’s minutes.
  • Negative rulings on readily available food items not qualifying as restaurant services but as goods supply.

The impact of interpretational issues on the restaurant sector

  • Various interpretations